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Basics of Computer System for School Students Notes (स्कूल स्टूडेंट्स नोट्स के लिए कंप्यूटर सिस्टम की मूल बातें)

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History of Computers  (  कंप्यूटर का इतिहास ) The computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose device. It has become a basic necessity of life and it is difficult to imagine life without it. Computers are basically, an electronic device for performing arithmetic and logical operations, or it can be said that "Computer is  a device, or a flexible machine used to process data and convert it into information." For many people, computer is just a device used for calculation or computation, but actually, it is much more than that. कंप्यूटर एक अपरिहार्य और बहुउद्देशीय उपकरण बन गया है। यह जीवन की एक बुनियादी आवश्यकता बन गई है और इसके बिना जीवन की कल्पना करना मुश्किल है। कंप्यूटर मूल रूप से, अंकगणित और तार्किक संचालन करने के लिए एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण है, या यह कहा जा सकता है कि "कंप्यूटर एक उपकरण है, या डेटा को संसाधित करने और जानकारी में बदलने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली एक लचीली मशीन है।" कई लोगों के लिए, कंप्यूटर सिर्फ गणना या गणना के लिए उपयोग किया जाने वाला एक उ...

RAM Chips & ROM Chips

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RAM Chips and ROM Chips Random Access Memory (RAM)  is the short-term memory used to store information that is being processed. It is available as a RAM Chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC) Soldered on the motherboard. The two types of RAM are static RAM(SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). SRAM is expensive to produce, but faster and requires less dynamic power than DRAM. SRAM is typically used as a cache memory for the CPU. The following figures Shows RAMs:   Memory modules come in several form factors, such as: Single inline memory (SIMM)- SIMM has a single row of 30 or 72 edge connectors on the bottom of the module. Single refers to both sides of the module having the same pinout. Dual inline memory module(DIMM)- DIMM is available in 168-pin, 184-pin, and 240-pin versions. Dual refers to each side of the module having a different input. Small Outline DIMM(SODIMM)- SODIMM is a compact version of the standard DIMM module, available in various pinout for use in notebook compute...

Motherboard Ports

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Ports A port serves as interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. The ports vary depending on the kind of equipment that will be connected to the port such as to connect a monitor, keyboard, mouse, game controllers, printers, webcam, speakers the ports sizes are different, as shown in the following image: Ports in Motherboards The usage of ports is as follows: Serial Port: This port is used with a 9-pin connector. It is no longer in use, because these are replaced by interfaces such as Ethernet, FireWire and USB. PS/2 Port: This port was earlier used to connect keyboards and mouse. These were round ports for six pin connectors. They have now been replaced with Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports. Parallel Port: A common parallel port is used for 25 pins connector. These ports are similar to serial ports and were used to connect printers and joysticks. They are no longer in use and have also been replaced by USB ports. Video Graphics Array (VGA) Port: ...

Computer Hardware and Software (कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर और सॉफ्टवेयर)

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  Computer Hardware- (Peripheral & Components) Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer, outside and inside the system unit. The internal parts of a system are known as components, while external parts are typically called peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, speakers and printers. कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर का तात्पर्य कंप्यूटर के भौतिक भागों से , सिस्टम यूनिट के बाहर और अंदर से है। एक प्रणाली के आंतरिक भागों को घटकों के रूप में जाना जाता है , जबकि बाहरी भागों को आमतौर पर कीबोर्ड , माउस , स्पीकर और प्रिंटर जैसे बाह्य उपकरणों कहा जाता है। Input Devices:- Keyboard, Mouse, webcam, Digital Cameras, pointing devices (Light-pen), Graphic Tablets, Scanner. Scanner is an input device because it converts Hard copy documents into Soft copy or Digital format. Output Devices: - Monitor, Speakers, Projector, Earphones, printers etc. Yes, Earphones are output devices, they give audio files(music) in output.  Peripheral ...